Support Ogg Vorbis and your own freedom

The Free Software Foundation has started a new campaign to convince people to support Ogg Vorbis with PlayOgg.org. Other formats (such as MP3, AAC, and many others) are patent-encumbered or only available with proprietary software. You shouldn’t have to lose your freedom to control your computer just to play audio and video.

Long-time readers of Digital Citizen know that I host and steer people to multimedia encoded in free formats (Ogg Vorbis for general-purpose audio, FLAC for archival-quality audio, Speex for compressed versions of human speech, and Theora for video). I also work with others (such as News from Neptune) to help them host their media in free formats.

There are a number of programs for various operating systems to play all of these kinds of files. The audio files can be played with portable digital audio players too. So you don’t have to give up portability to keep your freedom when you’re on the road. The FSF has some instructions on acquiring and installing VideoLAN Client, a popular all-purpose media player and media sharing program.

More places you can go to get audio in Ogg Vorbis format (and licensed to share):

  • Jamendo—considerable variety, lots of French music
  • Magnatune—a wide variety of genres of music
  • Kahvi—easygoing electronic music
  • Pandora—Classical music

We can’t recommend hardware that doesn’t support our freedom.

AMD owns ATI, a computer videocard manufacturer. Recent ATI videocards have no free software drivers. The proprietary ATI driver which works with a typical GNU/Linux system is poor quality and as a result many users have problems with it. At the Red Hat summit going on right now, an AMD representative discussed the situation and Tom Calloway blogged about it:

An executive VP from AMD gave a keynote this morning, and he talked up open source and committed to making the ATI driver “better”.

We don’t need the driver to be “better”, Mr. AMD, we need the driver to be “free”. You make it free. Free your specs. Free up a little of your manpower to answer technical queries from developers. Free Dave Airlie from his NDA restrictions. Free your existing code.

You make it free. We’ll make it better. Everyone will benefit.

Calloway has the right message; software freedom will lead to improved code quality. If ATI supported our freedom we could change our position from recommending against ATI hardware to telling people which ATI videocards to buy, just like we tell people which Intel hardware to look for in their next machines as a direct result of Intel’s stance supporting free software. On a related note, consider what ATI spokesperson Henri Richard is reported to have said and the skeptical reaction recorded on Christopher Blizzard’s blog.

The situation Calloway describes here bears an eerie similarity to something we’ve heard before.
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More OLPC progress

One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is progressing and the folks at OLPC have put together another video with interviews of the people behind the project.

If you’re unfamiliar with their work, you can search for “OLPC” on this blog and find their other video.

As before, the new video is licensed to to share under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 2.5 license (local copy).

Why is the University of Illinois stumping for the RIAA’s interests?

Nate first pointed me to the latest University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign mass mailing. Since then, the letter has been posted online in a publicly-accessible fashion. In case you wondered why doing business with the RIAA is troublesome, check out what their supporters in the University of Illinois have sent to everyone in the University:

The University does not condone the use of peer-to-peer software for illegal file sharing. Those who engage in it violate U.S. Copyright laws as well as the campus’s own policies, including the Student Code and Policy on the Appropriate Use of the Computer Network. Additionally the University bears significant costs associated with responding to DMCA violation notices and the network capacity absorbed by file sharing reduces its availability for general research, teaching, and administrative purposes.

Since copyright infringement is civilly and criminally punishable, there’s no need for University policy to say anything about it. Such duplication raises the possibility that the University policy will inaccurately capture the complexities of copyright law and be more restrictive than copyright law is. Responding to DMCA notices properly is part of the cost of doing anything online; the only way to avoid it would be to take down one’s Internet connection. This obviously poses far more practical problems then can be accounted for by avoiding DMCA violation notices. Invalid DMCA violation notices are out there (Uri Geller, Michael Crook, NFL, Viacom with help from Google, just to name a few) and not something one can pin on “use of peer-to-peer software for illegal file sharing”. The language above suggests that file sharing is not a proper part of “general research, teaching, and administrative purposes” when just the opposite is true.

Often the software used for the purposes of illegal file sharing comes bundled with ‘spyware’ and other software that maliciously captures personal information that contributes to identity theft. You can learn more about protecting yourself from identity theft by reviewing the information at http://www.cites.uiuc.edu/security/index.html. Further, some file sharing programs, even when used for legitimate purposes, will use your computer to transfer illegally obtained material between other users. I strongly encourage you to remove software used for file sharing as well as to immediately remove any illegally obtained material such as music or movies.

BitTorrent software is the most popular peer-to-peer file sharing software: “BitTorrent accounts for an astounding 35 percent of all the traffic on the Internet — more than all other peer-to-peer programs combined — and dwarfs mainstream traffic like Web pages.“. Most BitTorrent software in use (such as the official client and Azureus) qualifies as free software””software users are free to run, share, and modify at any time for any reason. Free software, unlike proprietary software, grants everyone the freedom to inspect, improve, and share the software. Thus, free software BitTorrent programs are far less likely to include spyware and other malicious code; the community inspects free software and removes the objectionable parts. If you don’t believe they’ll do this, as would be wise, you can inspect and modify the program before you run it (or hire someone to do this for you). Compare that to a proprietary program: No matter how you get proprietary software you set yourself up for all sorts of malevolent programs. The RIAA (and now UIUC) would love for you to believe there’s a link between malevolent software and file sharing programs so that you don’t use a popular means of sharing tracks whose copyrights are held by RIAA members. It’s silly to draw a distinction between what are commonly called peer-to-peer programs (like BitTorrent) and other means of sharing files (like UIUC’s own “NetFiles” service, FTP programs, etc.) on the basis of computer safety. In order to truly understand the proper parameters of this issue, you have to understand software freedom. UIUC should teach students about software freedom for its own sake, not threatening them at the behest of the recording industry.

Calling for UIUC network users to stop using and remove file sharing software is preposterous, reveals who UIUC really works for on this issue, and poses bad consequences for the user. File sharing software is necessary for modern computer use; you would complain if your OS came with no ability to share files between computers. Many free software operating systems are distributed via BitTorrent because BitTorrent allows the community to take on some of the load in distributing data. Discouraging use of file sharing software makes it unnecessarily harder for students to install a free software operating system and enjoy software that respects their freedom.

With the announcement by RIAA, MPAA, and others of the intent to target college students with law suits, it should be noted that many of the students sued have settled out of court for amounts on the order of $4- 5000.

How many of those settlements happened because the students were too poor and scared to defend their case? Will the University legal facilities available to students help them if they are accused of copyright infringement by the RIAA?

One Laptop Per Child is progressing

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) is an important project which makes and distributes inexpensive laptop computers for children in poor countries. The machines run a GNU/Linux operating system and use free software for almost everything. The machines require very little power (no more than a child can generate through a crank, as I understand it) and the display is low-power. The machine can be safely disassembled by a child including the screen which has no mercury as is common in LCD displays in every laptop display you’ve seen.

See what they’ve been up to in their new video, the first of what promises to be a series.

The video is licensed to to share under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 2.5 license (local copy).

Mark Shuttleworth: “All the applications in Ubuntu are free software”

The most recent edition of “Questions please…” features an interview with Mark Shuttleworth, head and chief sponsor of Canonical and the Ubuntu GNU/Linux distribution. The license for the recording is as follows:

Verbatim copying and redistribution of these entire recordings is permitted worldwide and without royalty provided this notice is preserved.

Thanks to Questions Please… for making the recording available in a format everyone can play and licensing it to share.

About 12m15s into the recording, the topic of proprietary software came up:

Jonathan Roberts: Do you think there is a danger in trying to attract new users by trying to add proprietary bits to GNU/Linux?

Mark Shuttleworth: Yeah, very much so. So we’ve always resisted the temptation to add proprietary applications. And we have tons of users who wanted Java before Sun had said they would GPL Java, and they still haven’t finished the process of GPLing Java so it’s not completely in Ubuntu. Similarly with Flash and Adobe Acrobat and other sort of, proprietary bits and pieces that people really really do want that we just won’t add to the distro. We absolutely see Ubuntu as a way of introducing people to free software applications; to a complete free software environment.

Now we draw the line in terms of hardware enabling and we draw the line quite hard. We say that […] the driver that it takes to enable the hardware that you bought we will ship. And so we’ve always shipped wireless drivers, for example, and we’re discussing turning on by default the 3D drivers and all this would make things like Compiz and some of the newer video applications and so on just work out of the box. Other distributions take a different view, some say that firmware is unacceptable, some say that firmware is acceptable. So Debian, for example, in all of its recent releases, has made an exception to its free software guidelines for its kernel package to allow it to ship firmware, which is essentially proprietary software. So different distributions have taken different views on that and we take—our dividing line is between kernel and applications. All the applications in Ubuntu are free software only and we stick to that despite suitable pressure to do differently.

Jonathan Roberts: And that’s a good—in my opinion, that’s the best approach I think.

Ubuntu boasts about distributing Opera for Ubuntu users—all the software Ubuntu users need to run the proprietary Opera web browser is available “with a couple of clicks” according to their press release. Ubuntu also claimed that “Ubuntu will always be free, and will not have restrictive licenses associated with it.”.

How can we make sense of these diametrically opposed claims?

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Who benefits when challengers give into the establishment?

Gervase Markham’s blog has a post about OpenOffice.org and OpenDocument format which I found interesting.

A few of the respondants make points I tried to rebut, but my response (below) doesn’t appear in the list of followups there.

“My least favourite feature is that you can’t open a word document without it bugging you to save it when you close it, even when you never made any edits!”

I can’t reproduce this. I had a friend of mine with access to Microsoft Word 2003 make me a .doc file. I opened it in OpenOffice.org (OOo) 2.1 and then I closed that document; I made no edits. OOo didn’t prompt me at all, it just closed.

“Also, every time you try to save a file in word format it bugs you that your ‘losing some formatting’… why don’t they just give it up and make .doc the default format?? (Okay maybe thats taking it a bit too far)”

I wouldn’t want to use the latest .doc format (there are more than one of them and not even Microsoft’s software does the right thing with all of them) instead of ODF. I can edit ODF outside of an ODF program (such as a text editor) and that’s a big benefit to me because OOo’s find/replace needs some enhancement (finding paragraph breaks within a specific style and replacing them with line breaks, for example). I recently had to do this for a large ODF document. Large documents in Microsoft Word don’t work well. For whatever reason, Microsoft Word exhibits odd behavior in large documents.

But if you want to use .doc all the time by default, and if you don’t want to be warned, OOo has two preferences you can set to make this so. See Tools -> Options… and then go to the Load/Save section and pick “General”. There you can turn off the warning about not using OpenDocument format (ODF) and you can set the file type you want as the default for various document types. I think it would be going too far to make these settings the default, as well as being remarkably one-sided: nobody says Microsoft Word should make ODF the default filetype, even though ODF predated Office Open XML (OOXML) by months (or was it years?) and is more accessible for both implementors and users. It simply isn’t wise to let corporate fealty or wishful popularity push us into a non-standard that hasn’t stood the test of time (let alone cleared the hurdles of those who have read some of the OOXML spec).

“Is that “there is” or “there was”? People are already moving to the new MS Word […]”

Most people I know are not using the new Microsoft Office (nor are they using Microsoft Windows Vista). But more importantly, asking if “‘there is’ or ‘there was'” puts aside recent history. Microsoft Word .doc formats predate OOo by many years and OOo still manages to get a wide audience. So even if OOXML support doesn’t appear in OOo or some other free software programs for a while, there remains a big opportunity for free software. We know we can get people to switch; it’s not easy, but it can be done. And we have a format that is more widely deployable—ODF, so that’s one thing we can currently help propagate by use.

Footnote: By “wishful popularity” I mean the popularity others say will be the case someday but hasn’t been the case up to now and isn’t the case now. Since OOXML isn’t popular now, now is a good time to work for increased use of ODF instead. Considering this more now, it’s clearer to me that the best reason to avoid .doc isn’t properly technical—as .doc reverse engineering has proven, one could use this file format and accept the difficulties with document interchange. The best reason for avoiding .doc centers on working against anti-social mechanisms (like secret proprietary formats) that deny us our freedom and (as this poignant essay says) “buttress the Microsoft monopoly”.

GNOME and the 2007 Google Summer of Code

GNOMEA fanned out selection of GNOME/Google Summer of Code 2007 posters (the free software desktop project) is working with Google’s Summer of Code again this year. Starting today, students can apply to work on GNOME desktop projects and get paid by Google. Visit GNOME’s Summer of Code 2007 and Google’s Summer of Code pages for more information.

To advertise this project in your campus, find the poster that fits your needs best and post a copy of it somewhere students are likely to see it.

Thanks to Máirín Duffy for the poster art.

SVG
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PDF
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PNG
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English

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French

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Indonesian

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Italian

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Korean

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Macedonian

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Malayalam

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Brazilian Portuguese

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Romanian

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EFF kills bogus Clear Channel digital recording patent

Electronic Frontier Foundation has busted a patent, this time patent #6,614,729 (copy at Google Patent Search).

From the EFF:

The patent covered a system and method of creating digital recordings of live performances. Clear Channel claimed the bogus patent created a monopoly on all-in-one technologies that produce post-concert digital recordings and threatened to sue those who made such recordings. This locked musical acts into using Clear Channel technology and blocked innovations by others.

However, EFF’s investigation found that a company named Telex had in fact developed similar technology more than a year before Clear Channel filed its patent request. EFF — in conjunction with patent attorney Theodore C. McCullough and with the help of Lori President and Ashley Bollinger, students at the Glushko-Samuelson Intellectual Property Clinic at American University’s Washington College of Law — asked the PTO to revoke the patent based on this and other extensive evidence.

Revoking illegitimate patents is one way to challenge the patent system, but it is a slow, time-consuming, and expensive process that has a very narrow effect when successful. It takes serious effort to research the prior art . However invalidating patents that harm software developers is incredibly important work (since patents threaten software development) as is campaigning for no more software patents.

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